Cley
Brent (Branta bernicla)
Lecanora sulphurea?
Pyrrosphora quercina
C+ orange (right)
KC+ orange (left)
UV+ orange
?
C+ Rose
Dirina massillienis f sorrediata
DNA Wheatfen
The Norfolk Fungus Study Group
DNA team
at work at
Wheatfen
under the watchful gaze of
Wheatfen's founder
Ted Ellis
Working surfaces are cleaned and sterilised with 10% thin domestic bleach in tap water with a drop of washing up liquid.
This is vital to prevent contamination, particularly if there of risk of amplified DNA on the surfaces.
A variety of pipettes, epindorf tubes & gloves needed for the process
Preparing numbered 1.5ml epindorf tubes with 100µl of extraction buffer ready for the samples.
Fungal specimens submitted in labelled packets
Using sterilised tweezers, razor blades and needles, and sterilising instruments in bleach between specimens,
small samples of fungal tissue are cut or torn off from the samples for testing.
Each sample is then placed in an appropriately numbered 1.5ml epindorf tube containing extraction buffer as mentioned above.
The samples are then ground with a sterile (bleached pestle) until the tissue is mostly pulverised.
Once ground teach tube has a further 400µl of extraction buffer added to it.
A seperate set of similarly numbered tubes have 1000µl of wash Buffer added to them.
Preparation of the 5x HOT FIREPol Master MIx
152µl of PCR Grade Water
40µl 5x HOT FIREPol Mix
4µl of prepared ITS1F primer at working concentration
4µl of prepared ITS4 primer at working concentration
Numbered tubes are then prepared, each containing 20µl of this solution
This is the moment when it all comes together and DNA is extracted.
1 A dipstick is dipped into the epindorf tube containing the sample with the extraction buffer three times.
2 The dipstick is then dipped into the tube containing the wash buffer three times
3 The dipstick is then dipped into the PCR mix tube three times to release the DNA
The PCR machine where the prepared samples complete with primers and FIREPol Mastermix are put through a thermal cycle
to amplify the DNA present.
Lab book recording
We've done it
Preparation for GEL electrophoresis
Ling Common
Bristly Haircap Moss (Polytrichum piliforum)
Hoary Fringe-moss (Racomitrium canescens)
Cladonia furcata 
Cladonia Sp?
Mossy Stonecrop (Crassula tillaea)
Peltigera Sp?
Heath Plait-moss (Hypnum jutlandicum)
The small white dots in this image are actually a tiny Lichen Coenogonium pinetti
Forked Veilwort (Metzgeria furcata)
Lichen Sp?
Ramalina farinacea?
Rustwort (Nowellia curvifolia)
Bristly Haircap Moss (Polytrichum piliferum) ♂︎plants
Chaenotheca ferruginea
Lateral Cryphaea (Cryphaea heteromalla)
Swan's neck Thyme Moss (Mnium hornum)
Cape Thread-moss (Orthodontium lineare)
Mueller's Pouchwort (Calypogeia muelleriana)
Shallow notches in the underleaves.
A lichen also present Diarthonis spadicea
Minute Pouncewort (Myriocoleopsis minutissima)
Creeping Fingerwort (Lepidozia reptans)
Lichen Sp?
Silesian Feather-moss (Herzogiella selgeri)
Arthonia atra
Lichen Sp?
Capsule without hairs from Ulotta crispa group
Frizzled Pincushion (Plenogemma phyllantha)
Ciliated Fringewort (Ptilidium ciliare)
Dilated Scalewort (Frullenia dilatata)
Two-horned Pincerwort (Cephalozia bicuspidata)
Knieff's Feather-moss (Leptodictyum riparium)
Forcipated Pincerwort (Cephalozia connivens)
Colby
Catillaria Sp?
Verrucaria macrostoma with some Lecanora dispersa 
Verrucaria macrostoma?
?
Amongst other things is this a lichenicolous fungi on Lecanora muralis?
Leacanora muralis?
Slightly green, with lobes at the edge of the thallus
Canelariella vitellina f vitellina?
Bagliettoa Sp?
Diplotamma alboatrum plus???
?
Grazed Tephromela Atra var atra
?
?
?
?
Heamatomma ochroleuchum var?
Tephromela Atra var atra
On the back wet wall. Lepraria Sp?
Dirina masilliensis var?
The Crenulate margins seem less crowded than Lecanora crenulata and the apothecia are brown rather than grey although there is a grey patch in the lower left of of the image
Not Lecanora horiza because of the crenulated edges?
Lecanors Sp?
?
?
Caloplaca ruderum?
Opegrapha areniseda?
Circinnaria calcarea
?
Myriolecis crenulata
Diplotomma alboatrum?
Wilderness Grove
From Stewart
Trichoderma gelatinosa growing on the old stromata of Hypoxylon fuscum.
The white fungus is probably the white anamorph of the Trichoderna
Alder Goblet (Ciboria caucus)
No gills
Capillary Thread-moss (Bryum capillare) capsules
from Anne
The tiny cup on the wood in the "mushroom pile turned out to be (I think) Peziza micropus, although some of the spores were wider than the reference Spooner Key B&K 1
Great Scented Liverwort (Conocephelum conicum)
Glistening Inkcap (Coprinellus micaceus)
Hairy stype
Dewdrop Bonnet (Hemimycena tortuosa)
A new fresh fungus.
Spring Hazelcup (Encoelia fufuracea)
Script Lichen Sp (Graphis Sp)?
Lichen Sp
As yet unidentified.
New for the world
Scarlet Bonnet (Atheniella adonis)
Midnight Disco (Pachyella violaceonigra)
From Stewart
Sycamore Felt Gall on a Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) leaf caused by the mite Aceria pseudoplatani
Dialonectria Sp? on ?
From Stewart
Dialonectria episphaeria on Nemania serpens
2.5x life size
200x
From Stewart
I'm glad to say that with a little extra magnification, the yellow blobs that I found on the mossy log were immediately recognisable as Bactridium flavum.
With 35 records on the mycota, It was something that Reg Evans often found, but it hasn't been seen since 1998.
4x life size
Small discos on the end of a cut trunk.
from Stewart
I had a translucent orange one with a short hairy fringe, which I think came off the end of the log on which Mike found the Dialonectria.
This was Cistella dentata.
Pellia endivifolia
Peniophora incarnata
Fungus Sp? on Fungus Sp?
from Stewart
Calcarisporium arbuscula on Rosellinia britannica
Small disco found on Poplar (Populus Sp) Buds
Calycina gemmarum
Fungus Sp
from Yvonne
Psathyrella bipellis
Old cocoons of a Puss Moth. Created by the caterpillar chewing bark.
Ichneumon sp?
Echinosphaeria canescens
Scarlet Elfcup (Sarcoscypha Sp)
Silver Leaf (Chondostereum purpureum)
Slime Mold Sp
Push Pin Slime Mold (Hemitrichia calyculata)
Slime Mold Sp with accompanying fungus Sp
from Stewart
Polycephalomyces tomentosus on the slime mould Trichia varia
Smokey Bracket 9(Bjerkandera adusta)
Velvet Shank (Flammulina velutipes)
A very young Winter Brownie (Meottomyces dissimulans)
Hazel Woodwart (Hypoxylon fuscum)
White Tubelet (Henningsomyces candidus)
From Anne
The pleurotoid fan shaped fungus turned out to be Crepidotus mollis (the cap peeled I realised after looking at it under the microscope!) FN1 Kibby Vol 4
Trichia varia
Snowy Disco (Lachnum virgineum)
Grey Disco (Mollisia cinerea)
Tuttington
Fungus Sp
Buellia athelia
Arthonia calcarea
Porpidia tuberculosa
Bagleittoa Sp?
Lecanora horiza?
Revolute Beard-moss (Pseudocrossidium revolutum)
Suffolk Fens
Three Suffolk Fens
Thelnetham New Fen, Thelnetham Fen & Hinderclay Fen
Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Fungus Sp
Lichen Sp
Lecidella elaeochroma?
Intermediate Screw-moss (Syntrichia montana/intermedia)
Water Screw Moss (Syntrichia latifolia) from the middle of the road.
Snowy Disco (Lachnum virgineum)
Lichen Sp
Xanthoria candelaria or Xanthoria ucrainica?
Bluish Veilwort (Metzgeria fruticulosa)
Elegant Bristle-moss (Orthotrichum pulchellum)
x200
2.5x Life size
x 100
x 100
X400
In a dryer state showing how the leaves curl up.
Neckera smithii form the BBS
Prince of Wales Feather-moss (Neckera smithii)
Confirmed and will be submitted
as
a
new
Vice County record
Drumsticks (Aulocomnium androgynum)
Marble Screw-moss (Syntrichia papillosa_
Colby
White -tipped Bristle-moss (Orthotrichum diaphanum) & Physcia adscendens
Bagliettoa parmigera, Caloplaca sp, Myriolecis albescens & Verrucaria nigrescens f. nigrescens
Bagliettoa parmigera, Caloplaca sp, Myriolecis albescens & Verrucaria nigrescens f. nigrescens
Bagliettoa parmigera
Myriolecis albescens grazed
Myriolecis albescens grazed
Lecanora campestris
Bagliettoa parmigera
Dirina massiliensis
Diplotomma alboatrum
Dirina massiliensis
Sp?
Tephromela atra 
Myriolecis crenulata?
Arthonia calcarea
Variospora flavescens
Arthonia calcarea
Variospora flavescens
Tephromela atra
Scolicioscorpon umbrinum?
Variospora flavescens, Veruccaria nigrescnes f. nigrescens & Calopplaca aurella
Myriolecis albescens, Variospora flavescen, Verrucaria nigrescnes f. nigrescens & Diplotoma alboatrum
White-tipped Bristle-moss (Orthotrichum diaphanum) & Anomalous Bristle-moss (Orthotrichum anomalum) plus little bit of 
White-tipped Bristle-moss (Orthotrichum diaphanum) & Physcia adscendens
Ingworth
Porpidia tuberculosa on a rough substrate giving it a very different look.
Pyrrhospora quernea
Pyrrhospora quernea with pits
Soredate crust Lecanora expallens
Pyrrhospora quernea with pits
Both proved chemically but I cannot remember which is which.
Must repeat
With a little bit of Lecanora sulphurea 
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus ?
This turned out to be a very hard grazed Tephromela atra 
Lecanora expallens
Lecanora expallens
Physcia caesia
Diploicia canescens
Haematomma ochroleucum var prophyrium (whitish grey thallus)/ ochroleucum (yellowish grey thallus)?
Fringed white prothallus
Needs the K+ text
K+ Pale yellow, C-. UV- 
Myriolecis Sp?
Caloplaca dalmatica
Leprarai incana
Diploicia canescens on Hawthorn
Caloplaca aurantia
St Benet's Abbey
Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Cattle Egret (Bulbulcus Ibis)
Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis)
Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)
Wheatfen
A cross section through the thallus
Hyaline colourless cells on the underside of the thallus.
Immature spore capsule (Walnut shape) in upper middle of the image?
Common Crystalwort (Riccia soracarpa)
No spores dropped even at this stage after 90 mins
No spores showed up in a squash from this one either.
Even at this stage there don't seem to be any spores in the Asci?
Peziza Sp
Probably Common Dung Cup (Peziza vesiculosa)
from TM & AC
Everything bar spore size indicates Peziza vesiculosa..morphology, substrate, size etc
Asci tips: strong I+ reaction (Meltzers) & Lugol's Iodine
Paraphyses: numerous, filiform with slightly clavate apex
Spores: 16.6 x 10.2 (n=12) BUT these are either within asci or 'squashed' out. I have failed to get any mature spores to drop.
Ingworth
Amandinea punctacta
Ramshorn Bagworm (Ruffia lapidella)
Very hard grazed Diploschistes scruposus
Opegrapha areniseda
Arthonia calcarea
Lecanora horiza
Myriolecis antiqua with some Arthonia apotheciorun on some apothecia & Caloplaca saxicola
Buellia athelia
Myriolecis antiqua
Possibly Lecidella stigmatea or Clauzadea monticola
Flavoparmelia soredians
K+ Yellow/Red
Xanthoparmelia mougeotii
Circinaria (Aspicilla) calcarea
Toniniopsis aromatica?
The edge of Diploschistes scruposus
Diplotomma alboatrum 
Candelariella vitelina
Green crustose - likely to either Pyrrhospora quernea or Lecanora expallens
Xanthoparmelia verruculifera
Lecidella stigmatea possibly
Lepraria incana
Porpidia tuberculosa
?
The black prothallus shows between the areoles
Caloplaca dalmatica
Myriolecis antiqua
Caloplaca ruderum
Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata
Diploica canescens
Arthonia diploiciae
Myriolecis antiqua
Myriolecis antiqua with Arthonia apotheciorum
Lecania Sp possibly
Hammered Shield Lichen (Parmelia sulcata)
Physcia adscendens/tenella
Too young to tell
Earsham
Hazel Coppice (Corylus avellana) stool
Galleries from an Elm Bark Beetle 
Hairy Curtain Crust (Stereum hirsutum)
x100
x 200
x 400
Spores
Coarsely reticulate surface
Orange Peel Fungus (Aleuria aurantia)
Spore size is correct for
Purple Jelly Disc (Ascoryne sarcoides)
Small Moss Oysterling (Arrhenia retiruga)
x100
X100
x200
A dull green colour in the field
Although the small double nerve is not apparent the mid leaf cells are barely overlapping in transverse rows.
This point towards
Woodsy Silk-moss (Plagiothecium nemorale)
Finely toothed margins and a stout nerve that extends to about two thirds of the leaf.
Dwarf Feather-moss (Rhynchostegiella pumila)
Sand feather-moss (Brachythecium mildeanum)
Common Eyelash Fungus (Scutellinia scutellata)
Hairs and stipules on the petiole of a Hazel Leaf (Corylus avellana)
Fungus Sp on the Hazel leaf itself
Lichen Sp
Creeping Feather-moss (Amblystegium serpens)
Short-leaved Pocket-moss (Fissidens incurvus)
Variable Forklet-moss (Dicranella varia)
Larger Mouse-tail Moss (Isothecium alopecuroides)
Ingworth
St Lawrence - Ingworth
Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis)
Rosemary (Rosemarinus officlnalis
Caloplaca (Variospora) flavescens & Diploica canescens & another as yet unknown light yellow thalli
Xanthoria calcicola
Leconora hybocarpa
Lecidella elaeochroma 
Punctelia subsrudecta
All of the above on Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
Myriolecis crenulata?
Caloplaca aurantia
North Facing Wall
Script Lichen Sp
Arthonia calcarea
Arthonia calcarea - Lichens Maritime
Xanthoparmelia verruculifera growing over Buellia aethelia
Buellia aethelia
There are some large cauliflower like heads of soralia on the small lobed thallus of one species on the bottom left of the image
Xanthoparmelia mougeotii
and then another species similar to the one in the image before this to the right
Buellia aetthalia
and
Xanthoria verruculifera
Buellia aethelia with Lecidella scabra and Candelariella vitelina
Buellia aethalia
The lovely orange/pink stain is likely to have come from eg Blackbirds feeding on Blackberries?
?
Flavoparmelia caperata/soredians?
with very course soridia
Testing this a week later produced Yellow then red with K
So
Flavoparmelia soredians
Caloplaca now Variospora flavescens?
Caloplaca aurantia v Caloplaca flavescens - BLS
Caloplaca flavescens - Irish Lichens 
Caloplaca Sp
Caloplacha dichroa ?
An odd grey isolated apothecia also present
Diplotomma alboatrum probably
Candelariella vitelina
Diploschistes scruposus
?
Possibly Lecania
A grazed Caloplaca Sp?
Diploicia canescens ( Very 3D and can lift off the gravestone on which it is very common in this part of the world) is visible in the top right of the image and along the bottom
Diploicia canescens BLS
Diploicia canescens Irish Lichens
Lecanora sp?
Lecanora campestris subsp campestris
From Lichens Maritime
From Dorset Nature
or
Lecanora horiza
Lecanora horiza Dorset Nature
Lecanora horiza Irish Lichens
Has a fimbriate white prothallus
Chemical reactions very similar
Both can be found on rocks
On reading Dobson L horiza - The apothecia appear larger, more convex and look as if they falling out of the thallus. Which seems to be the case here.
Lecanora horiza
Evernia prunastri, Punctelia subrudecta, possibly Buella griseovirens on the left
Overlapping lobes 5mm wide
A Lichenicolous fungi present on the thallus 
Brownish tip to the thallus
Simple rhizines
White networlk visible on the thallus
Parmelia subrudecta
Lecanora hybocarpa
Lecanora hybocarpa & Amandinea punctacta
Everna prunastri
Amandinea punctacta
Melanelixia glaburata?
Very few isidia or just a young one?
Physcia Sp?
Physcia adscendens BLS
Physcia tenella BLS
Tephrormela atra?
